The Reelin gene and its functions in brain development

Abstract

Brain development and function requires the coordinated genesis, migration, and maturation of all of its cellular components. The product of the Reelin (Reln) gene has been identified as a major determinant of neuronal migration that also plays a significant role in cellular maturation and synaptic function. Thus, the Reln gene controls multiple aspects of brain development over the entire life span of a mammalian organism, from pre- to postnatal ages, and exerts distinct functions on migrating neuroblasts, radial progenitors, and postmigratory neurons. Some of the molecular mechanisms that mediate these functions have been elucidated by the analysis of mutant mice and biochemical interactions, but much remains to be discovered. In this chapter we will summarize the current state of our knowledge of Reln and its function in brain development.