Serum phosphorus as a predictor of low-grade albuminuria in a general population without evidence of chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Background High levels of serum phosphorus, even within the normal range, have been associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Low-grade albuminuria (LGA) was demonstrated to be related to increased CV events in various study populations. The present study aimed to investigate the association between serum phosphorus levels and LGA in the general population. Methods We examined the individuals who had undergone health inspections. We evaluated the correlation between serum phosphorus and LGA in 8953 participants (mean age, 47.4 years) with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs) <30 mg/g. Participants who underwent a colonoscopy were excluded. Results The mean UACR was significantly higher in the uppermost quartile group of serum phosphorus concentrations than in other quartile groups. In the multivariate regression analysis, serum phosphorus remained an independent predictor of increased UACR (B = 0.610, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was maintained irrespective of age, gender, presence of hypertension or diabetes, body mass index and eGFR. Conclusions In our population-based study, higher serum phosphorus was independently related to LGA in individuals without evidence of renal dysfunction. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the precise mechanism of the association between serum phosphorus and LGA. © 2012 The Author.