Infectious emergencies in dermatology

Abstract

While most infections with dermatological manifestations are self-limited, there are clinical scenarios when infectious cutaneous diseases are associated with life-threatening systemic symptoms. These diseases may be difficult to diagnose, but a dermatologist can use visual cues to create a differential. The majority of infectious emergencies in dermatology are due to a bacterial pathogen; however, select viruses, fungi, and parasites can also cause severe disease. This chapter focuses on cutaneous infections where prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are paramount. We highlight the main cutaneous patterns, individuals at risk, diagnostic modalities applicable to the dermatologist, and treatment options for each infectious emergency in dermatology.