Interventions and Management of Complications of Osteoporosis

Abstract

The treatment and management of osteoporosis has undergone a major transformation in recent decades. Increasing knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis has led to significant advances in surgical techniques as well as pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches aimed at improving bone density, reducing fracture risk, alleviating pain, and enhancing the quality of life. Standard surgical intervention has advanced, and preventive intervention is offered for patients with impending fractures or for those at risk of a second fracture. New techniques of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty offer alternatives for patients with particularly challenging cases.