Phase Change Dispersion Made by Condensation–Emulsification

Abstract

Cooling processes require heat transfer fluids with high specific heat capacity. For cooling processes below 0 °C, water has to be diluted with organic liquids to prevent freezing, with the undesired effect of reduced specific heat capacity. Phase change dispersions, PCDs, consist of a phase change material, PCM, being dispersed in a continuous phase. This allows for using the PCD as heat transfer fluid with a very high apparent specific heat capacity within a specified, limited temperature range. So far, the PCMs being reported in the literature are paraffins, fatty acids, or esters and are used for isothermal cooling applications between +4 and +50 °C. They are manufactured by high shear equipment like rotor-stator systems. A recently published method to produce emulsions by the direct condensation of the dispersed phase into the emulsifier-containing continuous phase is applied on this PCD. n-Decane is used as PCM, and the melting temperature is −30 °C. The achieved apparent specific heat capacity lies above 15 kJ/kg·K, more than 3 times the value of water. This paper presents experimental methods and data, formulation details, and thermophysical and rheological properties of such new PCD. Food conservation or isothermal cooling of lithium-ion batteries is a potential application for the presented method. The properties of the developed PCD were determined, and the successful application of such a PCD at −30 °C has been demonstrated.