Staphylococcus aureus colonization and periprosthetic joint infection in patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty: a narrative review

Abstract

• Peri-prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are associated with higher treatment costs, longer hospital admissions and increased morbidity and mortality. • Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus is an independent and modifiable risk factor for PJIs and carriers of S. aureus are ten times more likely than non-carriers for post-operative infections. • Screening and targeted decolonization, vs universal decolonization without screening, remains a controversial topic. • We recommend a tailored approach, based on local epidemiological patterns, resource availability and logistical capacity. • Universal decolonization is associated with lower rates of SSI and may reduce treatment costs.