Cities for Smart Environmental and Energy Futures: Urban Heat Island Mitigation Techniques for Sustainable Cities

Abstract

The most apparent impact of urban development on the environment is the rearrangement of its biophysical attributes. By altering the nature of the surface and generating large amounts of heat, urbanized areas modify the microclimate and air quality. The urban heat island phenomenon, which serves as a trap for atmospheric pollutants, deteriorates the quality of life and has a socio-economic impact in the urbanised areas, has been a research subject at least for the last 100 years.