Anaphylactoid reactions in hemodialysis patients treated with the AN69 dialyzer

Abstract

During an 11 week period (May to July, 1990), we observed six anaphylactoid reactions (AR) in six different hemodialysis patients occurring at the onset of treatment with a new AN69 hollow-fiber dialyzer. Four patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation and one of these expired. Four patients were also receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor while the other two were not on medication known to affect the renin-angiotensin system. Only patients treated with AN69 dialyzers were affected. A review of the literature indicated that out of 1087 patients reported, 72 patients were on the combination of an AN69 dialyzer and ACE inhibitor therapy and 41 (57%) demonstrated AR. Only two patients (0.4%; both from our series) treated with an AN69 dialyzer without ACE inhibitor therapy developed AR. AR did not occur in patients treated with a variety of other dialyzers during this 11 week period, with or without ACE inhibition. Possible causes for AR are discussed and include: (1.) blood-AN69 membrane interaction leading to the production of bradykinin and other vasodilators, the breakdown of which may be delayed by the presence of ACE inhibitors; (2.) hypersensitivity to ethylene oxide; (3.) passage of bacterial products from dialysate to blood; (4.) changes in membrane manufacturing specifications. Recommendations are proposed for the prevention and treatment of AR.