Comparison of 3 approaches to percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis and neuroplasty in post lumbar surgery syndrome

Abstract

Background: Percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis and neuroplasty (PEAN) has been proven to be safe and effective in treating different spine pathologies, in particular post lumbar surgery syndrome (PLSS). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and complication rates of the 3 different PEAN anatomical approaches (caudal, S1 foraminal, and L5-S1 transforaminal) used to treat PLSS. Study Design: This study used a case control, blind study. Setting: The research took place at the pain clinic and interventional pain practice room at Asyut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Methods: Sixty consecutive PLSS patients were recruited and randomized into 3 groups (caudal, S1 foraminal, and L5-S1 transforaminal) before receiving adhesiolysis and neuroplasty. All patients underwent nerve conduction studies and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pain severity levels were assessed and measured using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (OSW) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert scale. The first assessment was performed prior to the procedure to determine the patients’ baseline levels of pain severity. Follow-up assessments were performed 1-, 3-, and 6-months after the procedure. Results: Results of the group pairwise analysis indicated that, relative to baseline, there were significant decreases in pain relief scores (VAS and OWS) and functional assessment expressed by patients’ satisfaction across all time intervals and in all 3 groups (P < 0.01). Conversely, a between group analysis revealed that VAS, OWS, and patient satisfaction scores were comparable across the 3 groups at all time intervals (P > 0.05). There were no differences in rates of complications between the 3 different groups. Limitations: Our study was limited by the low number of patients and the short duration (6 months) of follow-up. Conclusion: The 3 anatomical approaches (caudal, S1 foraminal, and L5-S1 transforaminal) result in the same outcome with regard to pain relief and complication rate.