Reliable Method and Multistage Process Involved in the Production of Activated Carbon Based on Raw Material-A Systematic Review

Abstract

Activated carbon AC) has versatile usage in the modern days for water treatment, air filtration and for multipurpose adsorption. Carbonaceous material with highly developed porosity known as AC after some process took place. AC also known as artificial materials characterized by the high surface area and the extensive surface chemistry. Significant adsorptive properties of the materials according to extensive surface chemistry which are responsible for the surface properties. Nowadays, AC are widely used in a large range of applications, for example medical uses, catalysis, gas storage, removal of pollutants and odors, gas separation and purification. Important Character for based materials of AC, it must accessible, affordable price, and with valorization potential in agricultural residues and industrial base. The most important raw materials for the production of AC is lignocellulosic materials. Over the time researcher around the world conducting research to improvised and perfecting the method for producing the AC. The aim of this paper is to critical review the reliable method for AC production. The process involved in the production of activated were pre-carbonization process (PCP), carbonization process (CP), and activation process (AP). Carbonization either using furnace or microwave. For AP, there are two main activation used namely chemical activation CA) and physical activation (PA). However there also combination of chemical and physical activation which called physiochemical activation (PCA).