Effect of Taurine on the Regulation of Glucose Uptake in the Skeletal Muscle

Abstract

Diabetes is so common in Japan as to be called a national disease. Taurine, a free amino acid found abundantly in mammalian tissues that is also a key ingredient of many “energy drinks,” has been shown to be effective in improving the hyperglycemic state caused by diabetes. Taurine administration is associated with increased insulin secretion from the pancreas, higher levels of insulin signaling-related factors, and higher expression of the glucose transporter, GLUT4. Skeletal muscle is the main target organ of insulin: Via cell surface GLUT4 molecules, myocytes take up blood glucose, enabling skeletal muscle contraction. The enhancing effect of taurine on blood glucose uptake in skeletal muscle has not been fully studied, and little is known about its mechanism. This review article summarizes what is known about the effects of taurine on insulin secretion from the pancreas and especially blood glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.