Is the contralateral lesser trochanter a reliable reference for planning of total hip arthroplasty – a 3-dimensional analysis

Abstract

Background: Preoperative templating in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is mandatory to achieve appropriate offset and leg length equality. However, templating methods using the contralateral hip might be susceptible to errors resulting from side-differences in the femoral morphology. The distance of the lesser trochanter to the femoral head center (LTFHD) is a frequently used reference parameter for preoperative planning and intraoperative validation during THA. However, currently no three-dimensional (3D) analysis of side differences of the LTFHD exists. Methods: Using Computer tomography (CT)-based surface models from 100 paired femora (50 cadavers), side-to-side asymmetry of the LTFHD, femoral length, femoral head diameter (FHD) and femoral antetorsion were analyzed. Univariate linear regression models were established to evaluate potential associations between sides regarding LTFHD and FHD as well as a correlation of these parameters with each other. Results: Statistically significant side-differences were found for the LTFHD (p = 0.02) and FHD (p = 0.03) with a mean absolute side-difference of 1.6 ± 1.4mm (range 0.1–5.5mm) and 0.4mm ± 0.6mm (range 0–3mm), respectively. The ratio between the LTFHD and FHD was consistent with an average value of 1.16 ± 0.08 and reliable between sides with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.72 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The LTFHD is a reliable reference parameter for preoperative templating and intraoperative validation during THA with a high correlation between sides (r = 0.93, p < 0.01). However, 8 % of the investigated specimens revealed a LTFHD of more than 4mm, which should be anticipated during THA to avoid unsatisfiable results.