Optimization of Bis-anthraquinones Production from Endophytic Fungi Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10

Abstract

Bis-anthraquinones with a unique molecular backbone, (+)-2,2’-epicytoskyrin A (epi) and (+)-1,1′-bislunatin (bis), were produced by endophytic fungi Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10 associated with Gambir plant (Uncaria gambier Roxb. Rubiaceae). Epi and bis possess robust antimicrobial activity toward various pathogens. This study focus on knowing the optimum condition of epi and bis production from endophytic fungi Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10. A series of culture media with various nutrient compositions was investigated in epi and bis production. The content of epi and bis was determined by measuring the area under the curve from TLC-densitometric (scanner) experiment. The linear regression analysis was then applied to obtain the results. The optimized media to produce the highest extracted mass is media 7, while epi and bis were greatly produced in liquid media 3. The nutrient content of media 3 is potato starch and dextrose with the amount of epi component produced 0.484 mg and bis content is 0.163 mg. The presence of carbohydrates, whether simple sugar or carbohydrate complex, plays an essential role in the bis-anthraquinones production from Diaphorthe sp. GNBP-10 culture. The presence of minerals and excessive protein sources did not significantly affect bis-anthraquinones production.