Venous air embolism

Abstract

Gas embolism refers to the abnormal presence of gas within the circulatory system. It is a known complication of various surgical, therapeutic, and diagnostic procedures. It can also occur as a result of trauma. Gas embolism may be asymptomatic or may even result in immediate cardiovascular collapse. The type and severity of sequelae depend on the composition and amount of gas, the rate and location of entry, and on patient characteristics such as size, cardio-pulmonary reserve, and presence of an intracardiac right- left communication. An understanding of the etiologies and pathophysiology of gas embolism is important in order to recognize, treat, and, most importantly, prevent this potentially catastrophic complication. © 2010 Springer-Verlag US.