Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor-associated mucous membrane pemphigoid

Abstract

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are associated with an increased risk of developing bullous pemphigoid (BP) in patients with diabetes. Autoantibodies targeting epitopes on the processed BP180, 120-kDa (LAD-1), and 97-kDa (LABD97) linear immunoglobulin (Ig)A dermatosis antigens are the major autoantibodies in DPP-4i-associated BP. However, no case of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) developing during treatment with DPP-4i has been reported. We report a case of MMP associated with DPP-4i. A man in his late 70s presented with oral mucous membrane erosion and a few blisters on his upper chest and back. He had used linagliptin for diabetes for over 1 year when he presented. The immunological characteristics were similar to DPP4i-associated BP: higher reactivity to LAD-1 and LABD97 than to the full-length BP180. The aphthae achieved remission after oral linagliptin was replaced with sitagliptin. However, 6 months later, the aphthae relapsed and any DPP-4i was discontinued. The aphthae disappeared, and now he is completely free from lesions associated with MMP. This case suggests that the DPP-4i may have shared roles in the production of IgG antibodies to LAD-1 or to LABD97 in the pathogenesis of DPP-4i-associated BP and MMP. Our case highlights the possibility of overlooking the mild MMP in DPP-4i-treated diabetes patients with mucosal lesions.