Disorders caused by physical and chemical damage

Abstract

Mechanical factors influence the epidermal structure (horny layer and epidermis thickness, rete ridges pattern), connective tissue structure and local blood flow regulation, pigmentation and innervation. In addition to hyperpigmentation and blisters, various forms of hyperkeratosis, as well as decubitus, atypical decubital fibroplasia, typical changes in amputation stumps, and subcutaneous emphysema can be mentioned. Physical causes of skin lesions are most frequently heat, cold, electric current or lightning; chemically caused skin lesions occur predominantly as blisters, poisoning by biogas or chemical warfare agents, and burns by alkalis/acids. Specific changes are also possible through the action of water on the skin.