Executive functions in School-aged Children with high and low Creativity

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the executive functioning profile, characteristic in creative children. Method: The participants were 200 school children from the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, selected through intentional sampling. Creativity was assessed using the figure test of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), Form A and the CREA C verbal test, creative intelligence. To measure executive functions (EF), different tests were used to assess each domain: (1) WISC IV Working Memory Subtest; (2) Stroop Color and Word Test for inhibition; (3) computerized WCST for reactive cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency, the Five Point Test for spontaneous cognitive fluency, and finally; (4) Porteus Maze test to assess planning. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVAS) was performed to study executive functioning profiles, entering intelligence as a covariate. Results: The study results suggest the existence of an EF profile in creative children based on their performance in the TTCT figure test (Hotelling’s F (7, 90) = 3.404, p =.003, η2 partial = 0.21) and from CREA C (Hotelling’s F (7, 98) = 8.831; p < 0.001, η2 partial = 0.39). Conclusions: The findings of this study show that children with greater creativity, both in drawing and verbal tasks, show an EF profile characterized by a greater capacity for working memory, inhibition, and spontaneous cognitive flexibility. However, due to the task’s nature, the high-order cognitive processes could contribute in a greater or lesser extent to creative potential.