A case of imported tropical malaria in a resident of Astrakhan

Abstract

Malaria is one of the world's most common parasitic diseases with a vector-borne transmission mechanism. According to the WHO World Malaria Report 2019, human cases of malaria have been reported in more than 80 countries around the world. According to experts, 228 million people worldwide fell ill with malaria in 2018. In the same year, 405 000 people died from malaria, according to experts. Almost 93% of the cases were from the African population. The aim of the study - description of a clinical case of tropical malaria registered in a resident of the Astrakhan region in 2020. Material and methods. During the period from 1996 to 2020, 164 cases of malaria were registered in the Astrakhan region, the majority of which were imported cases of 142 (86.6%). The share of secondary cases of imported malaria and relapses of the disease was 6.7% (n=11). Results and discussion. The authors describe a case of falciparum malaria from a resident of the city of Astrakhan. Patient Sh. fell ill on 31.08.2020, when there was a stunning chill, the body temperature rose to 390C. After taking antipyretics, he sweated profusely. In the following days, I noted chills, fever in the body, sweating. I didn't measure the temperature. The patient was disturbed by sharp weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting. From 20.02.2020 to 24.08.2020, he was in Western Guinea. I arrived in Astrakhan on 25.08.2020. On 29.08.2020 I went on vacation to Yalta (Republic of Crimea). I returned to Astrakhan on 4.09.2020. 5.09.2020, due to the deterioration of health and high fever, he called an emergency doctor and was taken to the emergency department of the State Medical Institution of Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital named after A.M. Nichogi with a diagnosis of SARS. After examining the patient, the doctor on duty was diagnosed with moderate malaria. The diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory detection of P. falciparum in the patient's blood. Due to the deterioration of the condition and the development of infectious and toxic shock, the patient was treated in the intensive care unit. As a result of the treatment, recovery occurred. This case is presented by us due to the fact that imported cases of malaria are periodically registered in the Astrakhan region and other regions of Russia. Often patients are exposed to erroneous diagnoses. This is primarily due to the fact that in some cases, health workers do not have alertness about malaria, and no epidemiological history is detected. Tropical malaria is usually severe, and with late diagnosis and untimely therapy, a fatal outcome can occur. In addition, malaria patients in regions with hot climates and the presence of mosquitoes pose an epidemiological threat, as they are potential sources of infection.