Cytotoxic cyclic peptides from the marine sponges

Abstract

To date, a significant number of cyclic peptides Cyclic peptide have been isolated from the marine sponges. Their structures often contain non-proteinogenic amino acids, some of which are derived from the biosynthetic pathway mixed with polyketides synthase. Halogenation, N-formylation, and racemaization to D-isomers were also frequently observed. Here we review the structural features of cytotoxic cyclic peptides from marine sponges. The cyclic peptides and depsipeptides were classified into different cyclization ways. The recent progress on the studies of their mode of action and biosynthesis was also included.