Design and Implementation of Hardware-Implemented Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System for Enhanced Energy Efficiency †

Abstract

This paper concentrates on the development of a closed-loop tracking of the sun that precisely follows the sun’s trajectory, allowing photovoltaic panels to capture the maximum amount of solar energy. Azimuthal and elevation-tracking mechanisms are included in the proposed system, and a feedback controller based on sensors monitors the brightness of the sun continuously as a reference signal. The controller generates a signal to operate the tracking motor with two axes, orienting the PV panel towards the sun, when the intensity exceeds a set threshold. In both east–west (E-W) and north–south (N-S) directions, the solar tracking system (STS) tracks the sun’s position independently. A dual-axis solar tracking system (DAST) was made of three 335-watt panels (each generating 1 kilowatt of power) in a PV system. Three 335-watt panels were used to successfully execute the dual-axis solar tracking system, with each panel contributing to the PV system’s overall power generation of 1 kilowatt. Overall, the PV system integration of a dual-axis solar tracking system with three 335-watt panels shows the potential for higher power output and energy efficiency. This configuration offers a viable means of maximizing the advantages of renewable energy sources and efficiently harnessing solar energy.