Faktor Resiko dan Spasial Kejadian Campak Pada Anak di Kota Pontianak Tahun 2023

Abstract

Latar belakang: Campak/morbilli adalah penyakit menular melalui udara yang terkontaminasi melalui droplet. Penyakit ini diakibatkan penularan virus Paramixoviridae (RNA), Virus ini  cepat mati oleh panas dan cahaya. Kejadian campak Kota Pontianak Januari-Maret 2023 mencapai 307 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis faktor resiko dan spasial kejadian penyakit campak di Kota Pontianak. Metode: Metodologi penelitian menggunakan desain case control. Perhitungan sampel menggunakan rumus Lemeshow sehingga didapatkan sampel sebesar 59 kasus : 59 kontrol. Analisis data secara bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square, multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistic dan spasial untuk mengambarkan distribusi penyebaran kejadian campak di Kota Pontianak.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor resiko kejadian campak pada anak di Kota Pontianak yaitu imunisasi campak  (p=0,003; OR=3,280), status imunisasi (p=0,025; OR=2,522), riwayat kontak serumah (p=0,002; OR=3,541), pemberian ASI ekslusif (p=0,026; OR = 2,495), suhu kamar (p=0,020; OR=2,712), dan kelembaban (p=0,007; OR=3,549). Sedangkan variabel yang tidak termasuk faktor resiko adalah status pemberian vitamin A (p=0,072; OR=2,580), kepadatan hunian (p=0,420; OR=1,803), dan pencahayaan (p=0,427; OR=1,485). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya kontak serumah dengan penderita campak memberikan kontribusi positif paling tinggi terhadap kejadian campak di kota Pontianak. Hasil spasial menunjukkan sebagian besar rumah penderita campak saling berdekatan. Simpulan: Faktor resiko kejadian campak di Kota Pontianak terdiri dari imunisasi campak, status imunisasi, kontak serumah, ASI ekslusif, suhu, dan kelembaban. Kontak serumah mamberikan kontribusi positif yang paling tinggi terhadap kejadian campak di kota Pontianak dengan spasial yang menunjukkan sebagian besar rumah penderita campak saling berdekatan. ABSTRACT Title: Risk Factors and Spatial Measles Incidence in Children in Pontianak City in 2023Background: Measles/morbilli is an infectious disease through air contaminated by droplets from people infected with measles. Measles is caused by the Paramixoviridae (RNA) virus, a type of morbilli virus that is easily killed by heat and light. The incidence of measles in Pontianak City from January to March 2023 reached 307 cases. The aim of this research is to analyze the risk factors and spatial incidence of measles in Pontianak City in 2023.Method: The research methodology uses a case control design. Sample calculations used the Lemeshow formula to obtain a sample of 59 cases: 59 controls. Bivariate data analysis used the chi-square test, multivariate using logistic and spatial regression tests to describe the distribution of measles incidence in Pontianak City.Results: The results of the study show that the risk factors for measles in children in Pontianak City are measles immunization (p=0.003; OR=3.280), immunization status (p=0.025; OR=2.522), history of household contact (p=0.002; OR=3.541 ), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.026; OR = 2.495), room temperature (p=0.020; OR=2.712), and humidity (p=0.007; OR=3.549). Meanwhile, variables that are not included as risk factors are vitamin A administration status (p=0.072; OR=2.580), residential density (p=0.420; OR=1.803), and lighting (p=0.427; OR=1.485), the results of multivariate analysis show that having household contact with measles sufferers provides the highest positive contribution to the incidence of measles in the city of Pontianak. The spatial results show that most of the houses of measles sufferers are close to each other.Conclusion: From the research results, it was found that several risk factors influence the incidence of measles in Pontianak City, consisting of measles immunization, immunization status, household contact, exclusive breastfeeding, temperature and humidity. Household contact provides the highest positive contribution to the incidence of measles in the city of Pontianak with spatial data showing that most of the homes of measles sufferers are close to each other.