Abstract
When drugs are on the market observational studies are essential tools to further investigate their benefits and harm. Several observational study design types are available. These study design types share a number of common methodological principles, and they all will always include some degree of random error, bias, and confounding. In this chapter we will illustrate design principles, practical applicability, limitations, and discuss critical appraisal of observational studies.
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CITATION STYLE
Herkner, H., & Male, C. (2016). Observational studies. In Clinical Pharmacology: Current Topics and Case Studies: Second Edition (pp. 109–136). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27347-1_9
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