Development of Elastoplastic Strain Hardening Models of Soil Behaviour

Abstract

The paper presents the historical development of fundamental concepts related to the modelling of the non-linear and irreversible behaviour of soils. The concepts of failure, flow rule, successive yield surfaces and hardening rules are recalled. The original Granta Gravel and Cam Clay models are presented and discussed. The basic structure of the work-hardening model of Lade is sketched. The strain-hardening model of Nova and Wood, together with its successive modifications, is described in greater detail and numerous comparisons between experimental data and theoretical predictions are shown.