Pitfalls and prospects of contract farming to smallholder tobacco farmers in Shamva district, Zimbabwe

Abstract

The objective was to assess the challenges and opportunities of contract farming to smallholder tobacco farmers in ward 27, Shamva District, Zimbabwe. Data on demographics, household endowments and economic and social achievements from tobacco production was collected using questionnaires and interviews. A systematic sampling technique was used in selecting the tobacco farmers. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26. The results show that 93.9% of the participants were males and most of the participants were educated to primary level (36.4%). Zimbabwe Leaf Tobacco Company (43%) was cited as the major company which provide contract farming to tobacco farmers in ward 27. The results further indicated that there are more opportunities received by tobacco farmers such as receiving inputs at no cost but face challenges such as poor crop yields due to low producer price (55%), high cost of production (30%), low rainfall (9%) and shortage of firewood (6%). Some participants indicated that they do not have technical knowledge on how to use chemicals and in identifying pests so that they apply the correct chemicals. It is recommended that companies which provide contract farming must collaborate with the Ministry of Agriculture and further train farmers on financial management skills, how to use chemicals and pest identification so that the quality of the leaf is improved. Nevertheless, contracting companies should provide tillage services to farmers and ensure that farmers are included in price determination.