Effect of Hormonal Contraceptive on Sexual Life, Body Mass Index, Skin Health, and Uterine Bleeding, in Women of Reproduction Age in Jombang, East Java

Abstract

Background: Injection hormonal contraceptive can be distinguished into DMPA (depo medroxy-progesterone acetate) and combination. DMPA injection is administered in single dose of 150 mg/mL intramuscular every 12 week. It was hypothesized that DMPA injection resulted inadvertent effect such as lowered sexual life quality, increased body mass index, lowered quality of skin health, and abnormal uterine bleeding. This study aimed to examine the effects of DMPA injection on sexual life, body mass index, skin health, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Subjects and Method: This was observational analytical study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted in Jombang, East Java. A total sample of 149 women of reproductive age consisting of 99 DMPA injection contraceptive users and 50 non hormonal contraceptive users was selected for this study, by stratified random sampling. The dependent variables were sexual life quality, body mass index, quality of skin health, and uterine bleeding. The independent variable was DMPA injection contraceptive use and age. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. Sexual life quality was measured by female sexual function index (FSFI). The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Use of hormonal contraceptive (OR=20.17; 95% CI=6.62 to 61.42; p<0.001) and age 30-35 years old (OR=17.51; 95% CI=5.74 to 53.38; p<0.001) increased the risk of low quality of sexual life. Age 30-35 years old lowered (OR=0.16; 95% CI=0.07 to 0.36; p<0.001) and hormonal contraceptive (OR=4.25; 95% CI=1.95 to 9.30; p<0.001) increased the risk of low quality of skin health. Hormonal contraceptive (b=2.93; SE=0.23; p<0.001) and age 30-35 years old (b=0.70; SE=0.24; p<0.001) increased abnormal uterine bleeding. Hormonal contraceptive (b=5.75; SE=0.54; p<0.001) and age 30-35 years old (b=5.05; SE=0.55; p<0.001) increased body mass index among women of reproductive age. Conclusion: Use of injection hormonal contraceptive lowers the quality of social life, lowers the quality of skin health, increases body mass index, and increases abnormal uterine bleeding.