Development of a 3-D energy-momentum analyzer for meV-scale energy electrons

Abstract

In this article, we report on the development of a time-of-flight based electron energy analyzer capable of measuring the 3-D momentum and energy distributions of very low energy (millielectronvolt-scale) photoemitted electrons. This analyzer is capable for measuring energy and 3-D momentum distributions of electrons with energies down to 1 meV with a sub-millielectronvolt energy resolution. This analyzer is an ideal tool for studying photoemission processes very close to the photoemission threshold and also for studying the physics of photoemission based electron sources.