Polypharmacy in community-based older adults: results of the Fibra study

  • Marques P
  • Assumpção D
  • Rezende R
  • et al.
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Abstract

Abstract Objectives : To estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults (≥65 years); to verify its association with sociodemographic variables, nutritional status and health conditions; to describe the prevalence of polypharmacy according to the presence of specific chronic diseases, and to report the method of acquiring drugs. Method : A cross-sectional study was performed with older adults (n=2,217) from seven Brazilian municipal regions. The prevalence of polypharmacy and its 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Associations were verified using Pearson’s Chi-squared test with a significance level of 5%, and the independent associations between the selected variables and polypharmacy were verified by multiple hierarchical Poisson regression. Results : The prevalence of polypharmacy was 18.4% (CI95%:16.8-20.0), and was significantly lower among non-white individuals, those who did not have a health plan, and those who assessed their health as very good/good (p<0.05). Obesity: (PR=1.36; CI95%:1.06-1.75), increased waist circumference (PR=1.54; CI95%:1.08-2.20) and presence of two (PR=2.24; CI95%:1.52-3.31) or three or more (PR=4.22; CI95%:2.96-6.02) chronic diseases were positively associated with polypharmacy. Polypharmacy was observed in about 30.0% of older adults with heart disease, diabetes mellitus and/or strokes/CVA/ischemia. The frequency of older adults who acquired drugs in Basic Health Units was 20.3% and those who obtained them via their own/family resources was 13.5%. Conclusion : Among older adults, the identification of segments with a higher prevalence of polypharmacy enables a better structuring of the provision of treatment during their care pathway, allowing special attention to be paid to problems related to the use of drugs.Resumo Objetivos : Estimar a prevalência de polifarmácia em idosos (≥65 anos); verificar sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, estado nutricional e condições de saúde; descrever a prevalência de polifarmácia de acordo com a presença de doenças crônicas específicas e a forma de aquisição dos medicamentos. Método : Estudo transversal com idosos (n=2.217) de sete municípios brasileiros. Estimaram-se as prevalências de polifarmácia e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Verificaram-se associações pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson com nível de significância de 5% e a associação independente das variáveis selecionadas com a polifarmácia foi verificada por meio de regressão hierárquica múltipla de Poisson. Resultados : A prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 18,4% (IC95%:16,8-20,0), significativamente menor nos não brancos, nos que não possuíam plano de saúde e que autoavaliaram sua saúde como muito boa/boa (p<0,05). Obesidade (RP=1,36; IC95%:1,06-1,75), circunferência da cintura muito aumentada (RP=1,54; IC95%:1,08-2,20) e presença de duas (RP=2,24; IC95%:1,52-3,31) ou três e mais doenças crônicas (RP=4,22; IC95%: 2,96-6,02) associaram-se positivamente à polifarmácia. Observou-se a ocorrência de polifarmácia em cerca de 30,0% dos idosos com doença do coração, diabetesmellituse derrame/AVC/isquemia. A frequência de idosos que adquiriram os medicamentos na Unidade Básica de Saúde foi de 20,3% e com recursos próprios e/ou de familiares foi de 13,5%. Conclusão : Entre os idosos, a identificação de segmentos com maior prevalência de polifarmácia possibilita melhor estruturar a oferta de cuidado durante seu percurso assistencial com especial atenção aos problemas relacionados ao uso de medicamentos.

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Marques, P. de P., Assumpção, D. de, Rezende, R., Neri, A. L., & Francisco, P. M. S. B. (2019). Polypharmacy in community-based older adults: results of the Fibra study. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562019022.190118

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