Jejuno-Ileal atresia

Abstract

Mural defects causing anatomical discontinuity of the small bowel can morphologically be divided into either atresia or stenosis and represent the most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Atresia refers to complete occlusion of the intestinal lumen and accounts for 95% of cases while stenosis is defined as a partial intra-luminal occlusion resulting in incomplete obstruction. Jejuno-ileal atresia has a prevalence rate of approximately 1:330-1:1,500 live births, with a third of infants either born prematurely or small for date. Hereditary forms and familial patterns of atresia are exceptionally rare and may be on a basis of autosomal recessive or dominant transmission. A genetic basis however has been established for type III (b) and IV multiple atre-sias. Associated chromosomal and extra abdominal anomalies (7%) are well documented but not as common as in duodenal atresias. Following surgical correction of the anomaly, the majority of children grow and develop normally, the end result infl uenced by the length and absorptive function of the residual bowel, associated anomalies and the successful management of the short bowel syndrome. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.