Challenges and Complications of Immobility

Abstract

Prevention and treatment of the complications of immobility play an important role on the care of hospitalized patients with traumatic injuries. Effects of immobility involve several body functions and may lead to future morbidity, disability, and even mortality, with significant socioeconomic impact. In addition to the most evident complications, such as pressure ulcers, deformities, joint pain, loss of muscle and bone mass, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, atelectasis and pneumonia, and also injuries to the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, gastrointestinal, excretory, vestibular, cognitive, and psychological systems have been reported. Regarding traumatic brain injury patients, disorders resulting from prolonged bed rest periods are combined with injury-related morbidities and complications. Early mobilization strategies have proven to be a feasible and safe approach that may promote improved physical function, higher independence levels, and an accelerated process of the return to premorbidity condition and activities. Moreover, early rehabilitation has also been associated with the reduction of the length of hospital stay and costs.