Surgical treatment

Abstract

Although the surgical treatment methods advance with new techniques such as 3D-guided imaging, percutaneous sclero-ablation, radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA), and intra-arterial chemo ablation, the application of the innovative techniques to everyday practice takes a long time. Therefore, this chapter covers the conventional orbital surgery including preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques and instruments, surgical anatomy, pre- and postoperative care, and acute and long-term complications in detail.