Invasive diagnostics of congenital vascular malformations

Abstract

Invasive angiographic diagnostics of veins and arteries in congenital vascular malformations (CVM), and especially in arterial congenital malformations (AVM), depend on the character of the lesion, the need for an exact classification and the therapeutic consequences that are indicated by imaging modalities. A decision tree quoting the quality of methods for each individual case is recommended. High quality angiography (arteriography and phlebography) should be carried out. © 2009 Springer-Verlag Milan.