Narcolepsy

Abstract

Narcolepsy means “to be seized by sleep” and is a relatively rare neurological sleep disorder that is the bane of those afflicted, yet provides a window on the neuromechanisms and functions of sleep. This chapter reviews and examines narcolepsy characteristics, primarily excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone during strong emotions) and disrupted nocturnal sleep, as well as hypnagogic/hypnogogic hallucinations; incidence, differentiating tests, and appropriate treatment options. Fundamental and promising research is reviewed on the causes, treatments, and neuromechanisms of narcolepsy and cataplexy. The impact of narcolepsy on day-to-day living has substantial morbidity and reductions in health-related quality of life, whereas optimal treatment can have positive life altering benefit. Physicians’ lack of understanding of narcolepsy is reviewed, as well as their obligations to patients and the public. Sources of information for patients are provided.