Hepatitis C virus infection in medical personnel after needlestick accident

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus infections in medical personnel after needlestick accidents have been documented generally by detection of seroconversion to a hepatitis C virus nonstructural region antigen, c100‐3 (a marker of infection). We tested for hepatitis C virus core‐derived antibodies and genomic RNA in addition to c100‐3 antibody in 159 cases of needlestick exposure that did not involve patients positive for HBsAg. Of these we found 68 cases with index patients positive for both hepatitis C virus RNA and antibodies and members negative for antibodies to HCV core or c100‐3 before the needlestick accidents. Seven of these medical personnel became infected with hepatitis C virus after the accidents. Their hepatitis was generally subclinical or self‐limited and transient, except for one patient in whom liver enzyme elevation persisted along with the antibodies. In our study, the risk of hepatitis C virus transmission from a single needlestick accident with hepatitis C virus RNA–positive blood was 10%, considerably higher than the 4% estimated in a previous study. We found that donor blood with antibody to an hepatitis C virus core‐derived peptide with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay optical densities greater than 2.0 carried a significant risk of transmitting hepatitis C virus to needlestick victims. No hepatitis C virus seroconversions occurred in medical personnel exposed to hepatitis C virus antibody– negative or hepatitis C virus RNA–negative blood; however, one such exposure resulted in a very mild non‐A, non‐B, non‐C hepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:1109–1114.) Copyright © 1992 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases