Moral Personhood, Human Security, and the War on Terrorism

  • Calhoun L
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Abstract

There are many different ways of thinking about the world in which we live, each of which represents a perspective, a point of view commencing from a set of values and interests. Sometimes we adopt an aesthetic stance, evaluating things in terms of concepts such as beauty and symmetry. At other times we prioritize economics, assessing things primarily in terms of monetary value and net efficiency. In some contexts we prefer to regard ourselves and others as objects of scientific study, which can be described in naturalistic terms. Within science, there are several different layers of description from which to choose. According to evolutionary biologists, we are but animals that evolved from primordial sludge into conscious beings. According to physiologists, we are collections of organ systems; according to biochemists, we are complex agglomerations of molecules. All of these different views represent the perspectives of conscious beings. Ada banyak cara berpikir yang berbeda tentang dunia tempat kita hidup, yang masing-masing mewakili perspektif, sudut pandang yang dimulai dari serangkaian nilai dan minat. Kadang-kadang kita mengadopsi sikap estetika, mengevaluasi hal-hal dalam hal konsep seperti keindahan dan simetri. Di lain waktu kami memprioritaskan ekonomi, menilai hal-hal terutama dalam hal nilai moneter dan efisiensi bersih. Dalam beberapa konteks kita lebih suka menganggap diri kita sendiri dan orang lain sebagai objek studi ilmiah, yang dapat dijelaskan dalam istilah naturalistik. Dalam sains, ada beberapa lapisan deskripsi yang berbeda untuk dipilih. Menurut ahli biologi evolusi, kita hanyalah hewan yang berevolusi dari lumpur purba menjadi makhluk sadar. Menurut ahli fisiologi, kita adalah kumpulan sistem organ; menurut ahli biokimia, kita adalah kumpulan molekul yang kompleks. Semua pandangan yang berbeda ini mewakili perspektif makhluk sadar.

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Calhoun, L. L. (2011). Moral Personhood, Human Security, and the War on Terrorism. In The Ethics and Efficacy of the Global War on Terrorism (pp. 65–85). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137001931_7

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