Concept for next generation of technical energy regulations in buildings

Abstract

The research project EnTeR analysed the role of technical energy regulations (TERs) in the transformation of the building stock and their integration into the future energy system. The main task was to identify effective measures which can guide stakeholders to achieve CO2-emission targets by means of TER. Based on this, recommendations for future energy legislation are derived. The international analysis revealed that TERs, despite their previous success in increasing the energy efficiency of the building stock, seem to be reaching their limits. Particularly when it concerns the decarbonisation of the building sector. The literature lists therefore the following five challenges: (i) Further increase in energy efficiency, (ii) consider "grey energy", (iii) increase the share of renewable energies, (iv) close the "performance gap", and (v) accelerate the renovation rate. Through technical and economic optimizations (Energy Hub optimization, Pareto Front), it was possible to identify solutions for the Swiss building stock which achieve specific CO2-emissions below 10 kgCO2/m2 - typically at CO2 avoidance costs of 200-400 CHF/tCO2 compared to cost-optimal solutions. In order to provide the best possible regulatory environment for the building stock to develop in the intended direction, a TER concept was developed based the three main life-cycle phases of a property (construction, operation and decommissioning): 1. The TER «Capacity Limit» is proposed for the construction phase (planning and building). The limitation of capacities (electricity, heating and cooling) forces energy-efficient buildings by reducing grid loads and providing incentives for installations of renewable production and/or storage systems. 2. For operation phase (usage), the TER «Energy Mix» is proposed. The proposed TER limits the amount of allowed CO2-emissions during the operating phase. Enforced by Smart Meters and Digital Data Platforms. 3. For the decommissioning phase (material) the TER «Material Cycle» is proposed. The proposed TER aims to reduce this 'grey' share by imposing a deposit/pledge system on building materials.