Authigenic Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks

Abstract

I. Authigenic minerals as indicators of the physicochemical environment.- II. Principal phases and stages in the formation of sedimentary deposits.- A. Syngenesis and epigenesis. Sedimentation, diagenesis, katagenesis, and hypergenesis. Incipient metamorphism.- B. Special features of diagenesis and the lower boundary of this zone.- III. Authigenic, principally syngenetic minerals in sedimentary rocks, their characteristics, conditions of formation, and classification.- 1. Silica group.- Opal.- Chalcedony.- Quartz.- 2. Carbonate group.- Anhydrous carbonates. .- Calcite subgroup.- Calcite.- Dol. I. Authigenic minerals as indicators of the physicochemical environment -- II. Principal phases and stages in the formation of sedimentary deposits -- A. Syngenesis and epigenesis. Sedimentation, diagenesis, katagenesis, and hypergenesis. Incipient metamorphism -- B. Special features of diagenesis and the lower boundary of this zone -- III. Authigenic, principally syngenetic minerals in sedimentary rocks, their characteristics, conditions of formation, and classification -- 1. Silica group -- 2. Carbonate group -- 3. Sedimentary silicate group -- 4. Oxide and Hydroxide Group -- 5. Sulfide group -- Copper sulfides -- Manganese, lead, and zinc sulfides -- 6. Phosphate group -- 7. Sulfate and Fluoride group gg -- 8. Soluble salt group (lacustrine and lagoonal salts) -- 9. Native element group -- IV. Basic concepts of colloidal chemistry in relation to mineral formation -- V. Colloidal and metacolloidal sedimentary minerals and their origin -- Summary -- Literature Cited.