Urgent workup of lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Abstract

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding occurs at a rate of 20 cases per 100,000 persons per year with a similar overall mortality to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Prognosis is favorable, with the majority of bleeding episodes ceasing without intervention. The etiology of bleeding varies by age, and the correct diagnosis is paramount in subsequent management. The most common etiologies are colonic diverticulosis, benign anorectal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, and angiodysplasia. Prompt resuscitation and implementation of critical care provide stability for subsequent diagnostics including colonoscopy, arteriography, and tagged red blood cell scan.