PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand 1) Protects Against Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury

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Abstract

Background and Purpose-Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurologically destructive stroke, for which no valid treatment is available. This preclinical study examined the therapeutic effect of PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1), a B7 family member and a ligand for both PD-1 (programmed death 1) and B7-1 (CD80), in a murine ICH model. Methods-ICH was induced by injecting autologous blood into 252 male C57BL/6 and Rag1-/- mice. One hour later, ICH mice were randomly assigned to receive an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle, PD-L1, or anti-PD-L1 antibody. Neurological function was assessed along with brain edema, brain infiltration of immune cells, blood-brain barrier integrity, neuron death, and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway products. Results-PD-L1 significantly attenuated neurological deficits, reduced brain edema, and decreased hemorrhage volume in ICH mice. PD-L1 specifically downsized the number of brain-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells but increased the percentages of Th2 and regulatory T cells. In the PD-L1-treated group, we observed an amelioration of the inflammatory milieu, decreased cell death, and enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity. PD-L1 also inhibited the mTOR pathway. The administration of anti-PD-L1 antibody produced the opposite effects to those of PD-L1 in ICH mice. Conclusions-PD-L1 provided protection from the damaging consequences of ICH.

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Han, R., Luo, J., Shi, Y., Yao, Y., & Hao, J. (2017). PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand 1) Protects Against Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury. Stroke, 48(8), 2255–2262. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016705

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