Preservation and development of historical heritage of gardens and parks in large European cities

Abstract

The aim of the research is the study of the historical architectural and planning heritage, modern concepts of development of open and green urban spaces. A comparative analysis was made, which allowed to supplement the idea of changes in approaches and tools for creating park architecture, recreational urban areas. The sources for this article were cartographic, literary, photographic materials (historical and modern, made during field studies). As a result, the main stages of evolution of gardens and parks of some European cities, modern trends of adaptation of urban gardens and parks to modern requirements are revealed. parks in most cases occupy the largest percentage of the historical environment of the city. Changes in the planning and construction of cities began in the XIX century, when there was an active appeal to the capital's architectural models, which in turn contributed to the renewal of the traditional architecture of parks. The study of the history of the evolution of green spaces in the planning system showed the stratification of many historical and modern urban planning and spatial solutions.