Interactions of the thyroid hormone receptor with the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) long terminal repeat and the HIV-1 tat trans activator

Abstract

We have found that thyroid hormone (T3) receptor (T3R) regulates the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) by binding to and activating thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) embedded within the viral NF-KB and Spl motifs. The TREs within the NF-KB sites are necessary for activation by T3 in the absence of tat, while those in the Spl motifs function as TREs only when tat is expressed, suggesting that tat and T3R might interact in the cell. Transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR by chick T3R