Empat Belas Tahun Perkembangan Peraturan Keamanan Hayati dan Keamanan Pangan Produk Rekayasa Genetik dan Implementasinya di Indonesia

Abstract

Fourteen Years of Development of Biosafety and Food Safety Regulations of Genetically Engineered Products and their Implementation in Indonesia. M. Herman. In Indonesia, the need for biosafety and food safety regulation of genetically engineered products (GEP) is well recognized. The Food Law and the Decree on Provisions of Biosafety of Genetically Engineered Agricultural Biotechnology Products has been signed respectively by the President of Republic of Indonesia in 1996 and by the Minister of Agriculture in 1997. The biosafety and food safety regulation of GEP comprise of guidelines, ministerial decree, joint ministerial degree, government regulation, presidential regulation, presidensial decree, and law. In the implementation of biosafety regulation during the year of 1999-2001, there were five GE crops and two enzymes products derived from GE microorganisms for feed additive have been decraled as safe to the environment. One of the five GE crop declared for environment safety, the insect resistant (IR) cotton (Bt cotton) was commercialized for limited released in seven districts of South Sulawesi during 2001-2003. Whereas, from 2001-2010 there are 13 GE crops have been studied in the greenhouse of biosafety containment and confined field trials, among of those there are two GE crops, herbicide tolerant (HT) GE maize and drought tolerant (DT) GE sugarcane have been assessed and recommended for environment safety. Five application of animal vaccine derived from GE microorganisms for studied in the biosafety containment and confined field have been submitted to the regulator. In addition to biosafety regulation, food safety regulation has also been implemented after the Food Safety Assessment Guideline for GEP has been signed by the Head of Food and Drug Inspection Agency in July 2008. Food safety assessment has been conducted on 10 GE crops such as HT maize, HT soybean, IR maize, amylase modification maize and DT sugarcane. There are some constraints encountered during the implementation of biosafety and food safety regulation. The constraints are the lack of commitment of related institution involved in the regulation, lack of understading on the regulation, and difficulties of implementing the regulation on the import products such as maize and soybean for food and feed process.