Reduction of fast spin echo cusp artifact using a slice-tilting gradient

Abstract

A "featherlike" artifact, termed a cusp artifact, is sometimes seen along the phase-encoding direction in sagittal or coronal fast spin echo images. This artifact arises from the spins, at a location distant from the magnet isocenter, that are excited and aliased to the field of view because their precession frequency is similar to those at the isocenter. Such a situation is created due to a combination of excessive gradient nonlinearity and rapid change of the main magnetic field near the edge of the magnet where the artifact-producing spins are located. A novel technique is proposed to reduce this artifact, in which a fast spin echo pulse sequence is modified to slightly tilt the slice selected by the radiofrequency excitation pulse away from the slice selected by the radiofrequency refocusing pulses. At the edge of the field of view, the incomplete overlap between the slices selected by the excitation and refocusing pulses effectively reduces the signals from the artifactprone region. In contrast, the slices overlap substantially within the field of view so that the signals are largely retained. This slice-tilting technique has been implemented on two commercial MRI scanners operating at 3.0 T and 1.5 T, respectively, and evaluated on phantoms and human spine and extremities using clinical protocols. Both phantom and human results showed that the technique decreased the strength of the cusp artifact by at least 65% and substantially limited the spatial extent of the artifact. This technique, which can be further enhanced by a simple postprocessing step, offers significant advantages over a number of other techniques for reducing the fast spin echo cusp artifact. It can be implemented on virtually any scanner without hardware modification, complicated calibration, sophisticated image reconstruction, or patient-handling alteration. ©2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.