Surgical interventions for vitiligo

Abstract

Since nonsurgical treatment of vitiligo is not always successful, surgical interventions are viable options for patients with refractory vitiligo. Surgical treatment is a method in which melanocytes of normal skin are transplanted into vitiligo lesions and provided as a repigmentation source. Such treatments are primarily divided into tissue grafting and cellular grafting, depending on the nature of the graft. Tissue grafting includes split-thickness skin grafting, suction blister grafting, punch grafting, hair follicle transplantation, and smashed-skin grafting. Cellular grafting includes non-cultured epidermal cell suspension transplantation, non-cultured follicular cell suspension transplantation, and cultured epidermal cell suspension transplantation. Among these, suction blister grafting and micro-punch grafting have been widely performed for localized refractory vitiligo, and non-cultured epidermal cell suspension transplantation is adopted as the standard treatment for extensive vitiligo. Research on cultured cellular grafting to treat larger vitiligo areas is also ongoing. Selecting patients with stable vitiligo that has not spread for over 12 months is the most critical factor in the surgical outcome. It is also important to choose an appropriate surgical modality for each patient, and a combination of various procedures often improves the overall outcome. In conclusion, surgical intervention can be an effective and safe option for patients with vitiligo refractory to conventional treatments. Non-cultured epidermal cell suspension transplantation, which was denied by New Health Technology Assessment in Korea, should be approved to benefit patients with refractory vitiligo.