Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, prostate cancer risk, treatment, and survival. The PROCA-life study

Abstract

Background: Inflammation has been linked to prostate cancer and hypertension, but it remains equivocal whether elevated blood pressure (BP) influence prostate cancer risk and survival. Method: Using Cox regression models, we examined the association between prediagnostic BP and prostate cancer risk among 12,271 men participating in the Prostate Cancer throughout life (PROCA-life) study. Systolic and diastolic BP were measured. A total of 811 men developed prostate cancer, and followed for additional 7.1 years, and we studied the association between prediagnostic BP and overall mortality among patients with prostate cancer. Results: Men (>45 years) with a systolic BP >150 mmHg had a 35% increased risk of prostate cancer compared with men with a normal systolic BP (<130 mmHg) (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.69). Among patients with prostate cancer, men with systolic BP >150 mmHg had a 49% increased overall mortality compared with men with a normal systolic BP (HR 1.49, 1.06–2.01). Among patients with prostate cancer treated with curative intent, those with a high diastolic BP (>90 mmHg) had a threefold increase in overall mortality risk (HR 3.01, 95% CI 1.40–6.46) compared with patients with a normal diastolic BP (<80 mmHg). Conclusion: Our results support that systolic and diastolic BP are important factors when balancing disease management in patients with prostate cancer.