Cytosolic DNA sensing by the cGAS-STING pathway in cancer

Abstract

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a universal cytosolic DNA sensor that detects nucleic acids of pathogens. Upon DNA sensing, cGAS triggers the formation of the second intracellular messenger, the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates the adaptor STING. STING engagement induces the secretion of cytokines and type I interferons that contribute to pathogen clearance. However, there is emerging evidence that cGAS is activated by self DNA in cancer cells and in antigen-presenting cells to trigger an antitumoral response. In this review, we will highlight the current understanding of self DNA sensing by cGAS in the context of cancer.