Poor school performance: An updated review

Abstract

This study is an updated review on poor school performance aiming at healthcare and educational professionals. It addresses current aspects of education, learning, and the main conditions involved in poor school performance. It also provides updated data on neurobiology, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, comorbidities, diagnosis, early intervention, and treatment key aspects of the major pathologies most frequently concerned. This is a comprehensive and non-systematic literature review on learning, school performance, learning disabilities (dyslexia, dyscalculia and dysgraphia), attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Poor school performance is a frequent finding in our children, leading to serious psychological, social and economic outcomes. An updated view on the subject makes clinical judgement, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment easier.