Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Variability: An Overview

Abstract

A comprehensive overview of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of from different sectors across the globe is provide in this chapter. Particular attention is given to agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU). Since agricultural activities (cultivation of crops, management activities and rearing of livestock) result in production and emissions of GHG, quantification of GHG and its mitigation is addressed in this chapter. The suggested mitigation techniques include the use of bioenergy crops, fertilizer and manure management, conservation tillage, crop rotations, cover crops and cropping intensity, irrigation, erosion control, management of drained wetlands, lime amendments, residue management, biochar and biotechnology. Furthermore, quantification of GHG emissions is discussed using different process based models. These models could further be used as decision support tools under different scenarios to mitigate GHG emissions if calibrated and validated effectively.