The mammalian IAPs: Multifaceted inhibitors of apoptosis

Abstract

The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family is characterized by the presence of a BIR zinc-finger domain. In this chapter, we discuss how the IAPs, through multiple mechanisms, are able to suppress apoptosis as just one of their many functions. The IAPs also affect signal transduction pathways, differentiation, immunity, and proliferation. The IAPs are central to the regulation of apoptosis, and IAP mutations or gene deletions have uncovered critical roles for the IAPs in various disorders and cellular functions. Apoptosis plays an essential role in immunity and homeostasis. It is therefore understandable that deregulation of IAP activity is associated with immune disorders and cancer. In fact, therapeutics targeting the IAPs have entered the clinic for cancer with much anticipated outcomes. Discoveries surrounding the IAPs emerge everyday, constantly changing our understanding of their function and role in normal and pathological physiology. The IAPs are sure to keep our attention for years to come.