Cellulose: Chemistry of cellulose derivatization

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview on various possibilities of cellulose functionalization. Particular attention was paid on homogeneous-phase conversions of cellulose in reaction media based on both aprotic-dipolar solvents in combination with salts and ionic liquids. Paths for cellulose esterification via in situ activated carboxylic acids are discussed. Not only etherification and esterification of hydroxyl groups lead to novel derivatives, but also oxidation reactions, in particular catalytic approaches, are of great importance. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioselectively functionalized cellulose ethers are reviewed as well. It is demonstrated that advanced synthesis methods, in particular the application of silicon-based protecting groups, are important to get the regioselectively functionalized cellulose ethers of high structural uniformity. Moreover, novel derivatives could be prepared thereof in subsequent reactions like oxidation and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azide- and alkyne-containing cellulose derivatives.