Long term treatment of severe hypertension with minoxidil, propranolol and furosemide

Abstract

13 Patients with severe hypertension were treated with combined minoxidil, propranolol, and furosemide (mean daily doses 33 mg, 475 mg, and 578 mg, respectively) for 9 to 25 mth (mean 13.8). Average mean blood pressure while on aggressive therapy with conventional medication was 144 ± 14 mm Hg; on minoxidil and propranolol it was 108 ± 10 mm Hg (P < 2.5 x 10-5, paired t test). Sodium retention was a frequently observed limiting factor to optimum blood pressure control and required large doses of furosemide to control. Propranolol blunted the reflex tachycardia associated with arteriolar dilator therapy but all patients continued with a clinically hyperdynamic circulation. 7 of 7 had elevated ejection fractions on echocardiogram, and 2 of 3 had elevated cardiac indices. 3 of 3 who had heart catheterization had pulmonary hypertension which was aggravated by exercise. An additional 3 patients on hydralazine, propranolol, and furosemide also had pulmonary hypertension suggesting this is not unique to minoxidil. 2 of 13 developed pericardial effusions. Renal function improved in 3 and worsened in 3.